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IELTS Free Online Writing Practice - The importance of protecting coral reefs from bleaching

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Topic: The importance of protecting coral reefs from bleaching

Question: In what ways can human activities contribute to the bleaching of coral reefs, and why is it important to protect these ecosystems from this phenomenon? Discuss the potential consequences of inaction, and suggest possible solutions to mitigate the impact of human activities on coral reefs.

Model Answer:

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the world. They provide essential habitat for a multitude of marine species, contribute significantly to coastal protection against storms and erosion, and support local economies through tourism and fishing industries. Despite their immense ecological value, coral reefs are under severe threat from various human activities, which ultimately lead to the phenomenon of coral bleaching. This essay will examine the ways in which these activities contribute to the bleaching of coral reefs, discuss the importance of protecting them, and suggest potential solutions to mitigate the impact of human activities on these vital ecosystems.

The primary factor contributing to coral bleaching is rising ocean temperatures due to climate change. As global temperatures continue to rise, the ocean absorbs excess heat, leading to an increase in sea surface temperatures. This warming disrupts the delicate balance between coral and their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae), causing the algae to be expelled from the coral's tissues. Consequently, the corals lose their primary source of food and energy, leading to a pale or white appearance known as bleaching.

Additionally, human activities such as overfishing, destructive fishing practices, coastal development, pollution, and sedimentation exacerbate the vulnerability of coral reefs. Overfishing disrupts the balance of marine ecosystems by removing key species that help control algae growth, while destructive fishing methods damage the physical structure of coral reefs. Coastal development and land-based pollution contribute to sedimentation and eutrophication, which smother corals and promote the growth of harmful algae.

The importance of protecting coral reefs from bleaching cannot be overstated. The loss of these ecosystems would have profound consequences for marine biodiversity, coastal protection, and human livelihoods. Coral reefs are home to a quarter of all ocean species, many of which are economically or ecologically valuable. Moreover, the services provided by healthy coral reefs, such as shoreline protection and tourism income, contribute significantly to local and national economies.

To mitigate the impact of human activities on coral reefs, a multifaceted approach is necessary. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions to slow climate change and limit ocean warming, implementing sustainable fishing practices to maintain marine ecosystem balance, regulating coastal development to minimize pollution and sedimentation, and raising public awareness about the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.

In conclusion, protecting coral reefs from bleaching is essential for preserving marine biodiversity, maintaining coastal protection services, and supporting local economies. As climate change continues to threaten these fragile ecosystems, it is vital that we take proactive steps to mitigate the impact of human activities on coral reefs through a combination of policy changes, sustainable practices, and public awareness campaigns. By doing so, we can ensure the survival of these invaluable natural assets for future generations.

Score: Band 9

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