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IELTS Free Online Writing Practice - Question Discuss the impact of air pollution on human health.

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Question: "Discuss the impact of air pollution on human health."

Model Answer:

Air pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental issues of the 21st century. Its effects are not confined to the degradation of natural ecosystems and climate change, but it also poses a significant threat to human health. This essay will discuss the impact of air pollution on human health by examining the various ways in which polluted air can damage our respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as its role in the exacerbation of pre-existing health conditions.

Firstly, air pollution has been linked to a range of respiratory illnesses. The tiny particles suspended in the air, known as particulate matter (PM), can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause inflammation, which may lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or exacerbate pre-existing conditions such as asthma. Moreover, gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) can irritate the respiratory system and contribute to the development of bronchitis and other lung diseases.

Secondly, air pollution also has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Several studies have shown that long-term exposure to polluted air can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. This is largely due to the role of particulate matter in promoting inflammation and oxidative stress within the blood vessels, which can ultimately lead to atherosclerosis – a condition characterized by the narrowing of the arteries.

Additionally, air pollution can exacerbate pre-existing health conditions. For instance, individuals suffering from allergies may experience more severe reactions when exposed to polluted air, as the presence of allergens and irritants in the environment can trigger an increase in symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, and wheezing. Similarly, people with asthma are at a higher risk of experiencing attacks when pollution levels are high.

In conclusion, the impact of air pollution on human health is significant and multifaceted. It not only damages our respiratory and cardiovascular systems but also exacerbates pre-existing health conditions. As such, it is essential for governments and individuals alike to take steps towards reducing air pollution, whether through stricter regulations or more sustainable lifestyle choices.

Overall Score: Band 9

The overall score for this model answer would be a Band 9 based on the following criteria:
- Task Response (3): The candidate has responded fully and accurately to all aspects of the question.
- Coherence and Cohesion (4): The response is well organized, with smooth transitions between ideas. However, there are some minor areas where the logical flow could be improved slightly.
- Lexical Resource (4): The candidate demonstrates an extensive range of vocabulary and accurate usage of complex structures. Some synonyms and collocations would enhance the text's variety and fluency.
- Grammatical Range and Accuracy (3): The candidate has made minimal grammar errors, but there are a few instances where the grammar is less than completely accurate or varied.

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