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IELTS Free Online Writing Practice - The impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Topic: The impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems.

Question: In what ways does plastic pollution affect marine ecosystems, and what are the potential consequences for marine life and human societies?

Model Answer:

Plastic pollution has become a significant environmental issue affecting marine ecosystems around the world. This essay will discuss the various ways in which this problem impacts marine life, and the subsequent consequences it poses for both marine organisms and human societies.

Firstly, plastic debris negatively influences marine biodiversity through entanglement and ingestion. Marine animals such as turtles, seabirds, and fish are often found entangled in plastic waste, which can lead to injury, suffocation, or even death. Furthermore, mistaking plastic for food, these creatures consume the pollutant, causing internal damage and malnutrition.

Secondly, plastic pollution disrupts marine ecosystems by altering habitat conditions. Microplastics, for instance, can accumulate in sediment layers, affecting the physical and chemical properties of the environment. This shift can impact the breeding habits and feeding patterns of various species, ultimately causing a ripple effect throughout the food chain.

Lastly, plastic waste has the potential to introduce harmful substances into the marine ecosystem. Chemicals present in plastics may leach into the water, affecting the health and reproductive capacity of marine organisms. This can lead to population declines and, ultimately, the collapse of certain species within these ecosystems.

The consequences of plastic pollution in marine environments are not limited to ecological impacts. Human societies also face potential consequences due to the effects on fisheries and tourism industries. Overfishing, driven by the decline in fish populations caused by plastic ingestion, can disrupt traditional fishing practices and lead to food security issues for coastal communities. Additionally, plastic debris has a detrimental effect on marine tourism, as the sight of polluted beaches or the presence of entangled wildlife may deter visitors from these destinations.

In conclusion, plastic pollution poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human societies alike. The entanglement and ingestion of plastics by marine life, alteration of habitat conditions, and introduction of harmful substances into the environment all contribute to the disruption of marine ecosystems. Consequently, these impacts can result in population declines, changes to traditional fishing practices, and decreased tourism revenue for affected communities.

Score: Band 9

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